NDE RESOURCES
Seeing Beyond
the Surface
Resources supporting
advanced inspection methods
& condition assessment.

Inspection Beyond Compliance

Nondestructive Examination (NDE) provides the condition data used to evaluate equipment integrity, identify degradation mechanisms, and support maintenance and inspection decisions.

Effective NDE programs require more than selecting an examination method—they require understanding what damage is expected, where it is likely to occur, and which techniques provide the highest probability of detection.

At Advanced Inspection Solutions, NDE is most effective when aligned with API 571 damage mechanisms, API 580 risk methodologies, and asset-specific inspection objectives.

Our objective is simple:
Collect meaningful integrity data that supports informed decisions
before failures occur.

The NDE Approach

AIS develops inspection strategies that combine:

  • API 571 Damage Mechanism Reviews
  • API 580 Risk-Based Inspection Principles
  • Asset-Specific Inspection Planning
  • Thickness Monitoring Locations (TMLs)
  • Corrosion Monitoring Programs
  • Mechanical Integrity Programs
  • Fitness-For-Service Support
  • Asset-Specific Inspection Test Plans (ITPs)

NDE should answer a question:

What damage mechanism are we trying to find?

Damage Mechanisms Drive NDE Selection

AIS begins with identifying credible degradation mechanisms before selecting examination methods.
Potential conditions include:

  • General corrosion
  • Localized corrosion
  • Pitting
  • Erosion-corrosion
  • CUI
  • Fatigue cracking
  • Wet H₂S damage
  • Hydrogen-related damage
  • Weld deterioration
  • Mechanical damage

The damage mechanism determines the appropriate inspection strategy.

Ultrasonic Testing
(UT)

UT is one of the most commonly used examination methods in fixed equipment integrity programs.
Applications include:

  • Thickness measurements
  • Corrosion monitoring
  • Remaining life evaluations
  • CML data collection
  • Weld assessments
  • Internal flaw detection

UT data often serves as the foundation for corrosion rate calculations and future inspection planning.

Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing
(PAUT)

PAUT provides advanced ultrasonic capabilities for inspecting complex components and welds.
Potential applications include:

  • Weld examinations
  • Crack detection
  • Corrosion mapping
  • Flaw characterization
  • Advanced integrity assessments

PAUT often provides improved coverage and documentation compared to conventional UT methods.

Time of Flight Diffraction (TOFD)

TOFD may be used when accurate flaw sizing and characterization are required.
Applications can include:

  • Weld flaw assessment
  • Crack monitoring
  • Fitness-for-service support
  • Integrity evaluations

TOFD is frequently used alongside other advanced ultrasonic methods.

Radiographic Testing
(RT)

RT provides volumetric examination capabilities and may assist with:

  • Weld inspection
  • Corrosion assessment
  • Internal condition evaluations
  • Structural integrity reviews

Radiography remains an important tool for evaluating areas that may be difficult to assess using other methods.

Magnetic Particle Testing (MT)

MT is commonly used on ferromagnetic materials for detecting:

  • Surface cracks
  • Weld discontinuities
  • Fatigue indications
  • Surface-connected defects

MT is frequently utilized during repair, fabrication, and maintenance activities.

Liquid Penetrant Testing
(PT)

PT is used to identify surface-breaking discontinuities on both ferrous and non-ferrous materials.
Applications include:

  • Crack detection
  • Weld examinations
  • Surface flaw identification
  • Fitness-for-service support

Visual
Inspection
(VT)

Visual inspection remains the foundation of every mechanical integrity program.
AIS places significant emphasis on:

  • Equipment condition
  • Corrosion indicators
  • Leaks
  • Coating failures
  • Distortion
  • Structural concerns
  • CUI indicators

Many integrity concerns are first discovered through effective visual inspections.

Condition Monitoring Locations
(CMLs)

AIS utilizes CMLs to establish repeatable inspection data collection points.
CML strategies may support:

  • Corrosion monitoring
  • Remaining life calculations
  • RBI programs
  • Integrity assessments
  • Inspection interval development

Good data begins with good monitoring locations.

NDE &
Risk-Based Inspection

NDE plays a critical role in RBI programs.
Inspection effectiveness directly affects:

Probability of Failure
Including:

  • Damage detection capability
  • Examination coverage
  • Data quality
  • Confidence in condition assessments

Consequence of Failure
Supporting informed decisions regarding:

  • Inspection intervals
  • Repair priorities
  • Mitigation strategies
  • Asset integrity planning

NDE
Fitness
For
Service

Inspection findings often support engineering evaluations.
AIS utilizes NDE data to support:

  • Remaining life evaluations
  • Corrosion assessments
  • Damage characterization
  • Flaw sizing
  • Fitness-for-service reviews

Reliable engineering decisions depend on reliable inspection data.

AIS
Philosophy

Many organizations focus on inspection methods.

AIS focuses on inspection objectives.

By aligning NDE techniques with API 571 damage mechanisms, API 580 risk methodologies, and asset-specific inspection plans, inspection activities become more focused, more effective, and more valuable to mechanical integrity programs.

Stewardship Quote

"The value of NDE is not found in the method selected, but in the quality of the information used to protect people, assets, and operations."

— Kevin B. Hudgens
Founder & Principal Inspector
Advanced Inspection Solutions
ASSET INTEGRITY & RELIABILITY LIBRARY

Nondestructive Examination Resources

Technical resources supporting ultrasonic testing, visual inspection, magnetic particle testing, liquid penetrant testing, radiographic examination, and condition assessment.